This publication, in response to recomendations of the Fifth Session of the UN Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues, includes two studies that highlight from a different perspective the exclusion of indigenous peoples in advancing towards the MDGs. The first study indicates the situation of the indigenous peoples related to the universal goals of human development contained in the MGDs. The second study examines the conditions to achieve the MDGs in the indigenous community Jathun Ayllu Amarete based on information provided by traditional indigenous authorities and public entities based in Amarete.